{
  "carta_id": "CARTA-DEMAND-WORLD-GLOBAL_LIT_TWH_2023_LOWQ-2025-04-07-001",
  "spec_version": "0.5.0",
  "family": "demand_estimate",
  "domain": "load",
  "object": "global_data_centers",
  "metric": "dc_electricity_use_twh",
  "value_low": 480,
  "value_high": 2000,
  "scenario": "studies assessed as low quality",
  "definition": "range_across_reviewed_publications",
  "unit": "TWh",
  "as_of": "2025-04-07",
  "geo_country": "World",
  "filter": "estimates and projections for 2023 from studies assessed as 'low' quality (all temporal extrapolation), 17 scenarios and cases",
  "target_year": 2023,
  "organization": "IEA 4E TCP, EDNA (authors George Kamiya and Vlad C. Coroamă)",
  "claim_type": "estimate",
  "method": "Transcribed by hand from the document (Executive Summary, PDF page 6). Raw sha256 0f80fd2fd0ec. Verified against the source file on 2026-09-14 by TechCarta's automated checks: each quote was found in the source file and each value in its quote. Approved for publication by C.J. Fernandes.",
  "source_id": "IEA_4E_EDNA",
  "source_name": "IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on Energy Efficient End-use Equipment (4E), EDNA",
  "source_document_title": "Data Centre Energy Use: Critical Review of Models and Results",
  "source_url_or_id": "https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Data-Centre-Energy-Use-Critical-Review-of-Models-and-Results.pdf",
  "source_retrieved_on": "2026-09-14",
  "source_class": "intergovernmental_agency",
  "source_sha256": "0f80fd2fd0ec201a2e681e4c10e7fe41bc5f44d5c2b1bc1af420d010f483ecbe",
  "source_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250422071631/https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Data-Centre-Energy-Use-Critical-Review-of-Models-and-Results.pdf",
  "source_archive_match": "exact",
  "topic": "data_center_electricity_demand",
  "stale_after_days": 730,
  "notes": "A summary of other publications' estimates, not the review's own estimate.",
  "license": "cite_source",
  "is_example": false,
  "relations": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "derived_from": [],
    "inputs_to": [],
    "supersedes": null,
    "superseded_by": null,
    "cites": [],
    "cited_by": []
  },
  "segment": "ai_infrastructure_power",
  "evidence_status_on_build_date": "single_source",
  "citation": {
    "plain": "IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on Energy Efficient End-use Equipment (4E), EDNA. (2025). Data Centre Energy Use: Critical Review of Models and Results [Data-center electricity use, None, for 2023: 480–2,000 TWh, as of 2025-04-07]. Retrieved 2026-09-14, from https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Data-Centre-Energy-Use-Critical-Review-of-Models-and-Results.pdf. Recorded in TechCarta, CARTA-DEMAND-WORLD-GLOBAL_LIT_TWH_2023_LOWQ-2025-04-07-001. https://techcarta.com/carta/CARTA-DEMAND-WORLD-GLOBAL_LIT_TWH_2023_LOWQ-2025-04-07-001/",
    "bibtex": "@misc{carta_demand_world_global_lit_twh_2023_lowq_2025_04_07_001,\n  author = {{IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on Energy Efficient End-use Equipment (4E), EDNA}},\n  title = {Data Centre Energy Use: Critical Review of Models and Results: Data-center electricity use, None, for 2023, 480–2,000 TWh (as of 2025-04-07)},\n  year = {2025},\n  howpublished = {\\url{https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Data-Centre-Energy-Use-Critical-Review-of-Models-and-Results.pdf}},\n  note = {TechCarta Carta CARTA-DEMAND-WORLD-GLOBAL_LIT_TWH_2023_LOWQ-2025-04-07-001; source retrieved 2026-09-14},\n  url = {https://techcarta.com/carta/CARTA-DEMAND-WORLD-GLOBAL_LIT_TWH_2023_LOWQ-2025-04-07-001/}\n}"
  }
}