{
  "carta_id": "CARTA-DEMAND-US-US_DC_TWH_2030_MODERATE-2024-05-28-001",
  "spec_version": "0.5.0",
  "family": "demand_estimate",
  "domain": "load",
  "object": "us_data_centers",
  "metric": "dc_electricity_use_twh",
  "value_num": 214.0,
  "scenario": "Moderate growth (5% annual growth)",
  "definition": "data_centers_total_facility_excl_crypto",
  "unit": "TWh",
  "as_of": "2024-05-28",
  "geo_country": "US",
  "filter": "mid-range projection of U.S. data center electricity consumption",
  "target_year": 2030,
  "organization": "Electric Power Research Institute",
  "claim_type": "estimate",
  "method": "Transcribed by hand from the document (Forecasting data center load growth to 2030, PDF page 17). Raw sha256 30c80ab40769. Verified against the source file on 2026-09-14 by TechCarta's automated checks: each quote was found in the source file and each value in its quote. Approved for publication by C.J. Fernandes.",
  "source_id": "EPRI",
  "source_name": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)",
  "source_document_title": "Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption",
  "source_url_or_id": "https://restservice.epri.com/publicdownload/000000003002028905/0/Product",
  "source_retrieved_on": "2026-09-14",
  "source_class": "research_institute",
  "source_sha256": "30c80ab4076954990f00e621a94a523da72bbcb34850b236faf0861d00ecdb6d",
  "source_archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260826072825/https://restservice.epri.com/publicdownload/000000003002028905/0/Product",
  "source_archive_match": "page_capture",
  "topic": "data_center_electricity_demand",
  "stale_after_days": 730,
  "notes": "Cryptocurrency mining is excluded from the study (PDF page 14). Projections are a bounding analysis of data sources surveyed as of November 2023.\n",
  "license": "cite_source",
  "is_example": false,
  "relations": {
    "conflicts": [],
    "derived_from": [],
    "inputs_to": [],
    "supersedes": null,
    "superseded_by": null,
    "cites": [],
    "cited_by": []
  },
  "segment": "ai_infrastructure_power",
  "evidence_status_on_build_date": "outdated",
  "citation": {
    "plain": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). (2024). Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption [Data-center electricity use, None, for 2030: 214 TWh, as of 2024-05-28]. Retrieved 2026-09-14, from https://restservice.epri.com/publicdownload/000000003002028905/0/Product. Recorded in TechCarta, CARTA-DEMAND-US-US_DC_TWH_2030_MODERATE-2024-05-28-001. https://techcarta.com/carta/CARTA-DEMAND-US-US_DC_TWH_2030_MODERATE-2024-05-28-001/",
    "bibtex": "@misc{carta_demand_us_us_dc_twh_2030_moderate_2024_05_28_001,\n  author = {{Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)}},\n  title = {Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption: Data-center electricity use, None, for 2030, 214 TWh (as of 2024-05-28)},\n  year = {2024},\n  howpublished = {\\url{https://restservice.epri.com/publicdownload/000000003002028905/0/Product}},\n  note = {TechCarta Carta CARTA-DEMAND-US-US_DC_TWH_2030_MODERATE-2024-05-28-001; source retrieved 2026-09-14},\n  url = {https://techcarta.com/carta/CARTA-DEMAND-US-US_DC_TWH_2030_MODERATE-2024-05-28-001/}\n}"
  }
}